Treatment of Multiple Myeloma by Macromolecular Biomaterials
DU Yixiang#, LIU Meidong#, LI Xian*
MM (multiple myeloma) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, characterized by complex pathogenesis and diverse clinical manifestations. Existing therapeutic strategies fail to precisely and effectively target tumor cells. However, macromolecular biomaterials offer advantages such as high design flexibility, excellent biocompatibility, and superior drug loading capacity. Their application in MM treatment can effectively address this issue. This systematic review examines macromolecular biomaterials derived from peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, and metal ions. These materials are engineered into hydrogels, microspheres, and diverse nanoscale systems, which significantly enhance drug targeting, increase the degree of drug enrichment in the bone marrow, and prolong its retention time. The discussion highlights how macromolecular biomaterials synergistically inhibit myeloma progression through multiple pathways: enhancing classical apoptosis, activating immune effector cells, and remodeling the bone marrow microenvironment. This approach offers a highly effective, low-toxicity, and personalized therapeutic direction for MM and contributes novel perspectives for further exploration of the disease.
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